# Michał Sobczak

> Personal technical blog of Michał Sobczak: Architecture, IT infrastructure, DevOps, Security, AI/ML. 198 hands-on articles (2020–2026) about self-hosted infrastructure, virtualization, networking, GPU computing and running AI models locally.

Every article is one HTML file (`/posts/<slug>.html`) with a clean Markdown twin (`/posts/<slug>.md`, linked below). Most articles are in English; those marked `pl` are in Polish. Content is licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) — quote with attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives.

- Full text of all articles in one file: https://michalasobczak.pl/llms-full.txt
- Structured index (JSON): https://michalasobczak.pl/posts.json
- RSS feed with full content: https://michalasobczak.pl/feed.xml

## Technology

- [Rondo with Context Driven Development: building software with AI as a team](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/rondo-with-context-driven-development-building-software-with-ai-as-a-team.md): AI assistants now write a large share of the code in many teams. Yet delivery often doesn’t get faster. In Google’s DORA 2024 research, as AI adoption grew,… (2026-10-20)
- [Frigate on ROCm in LXC container](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/frigate-on-rocm-in-lxc-container.md): I thought that the best option to run Frigate is to run bare metal and skip virtualization and system containers. However now situation changed a little bit as… (2026-01-19)
- [PV production metering using Huawei API integrated with Fibaro HC3 as QuickApp](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/pv-production-metering-using-huawei-api-integrated-with-fibaro-hc3-as-quickapp.md): We are using Huawei PV installation on top of our house roof. It has web panel and application available to preview every detail about its settings and working… (2026-01-16)
- [PBS: decryption failed or bad record mac](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/pbs-decryption-failed-or-bad-record-mac.md): During sync between two Proxmox Backup Server instances I got “decryption failed or bad record mac” error message. So I decided to go for upgrading source PBS… (2025-09-27)
- [interface name exceeds max length of 15](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/interface-name-exceeds-max-length-of-15.md): Add “alias” to /etc/network/interfaces: And restart network… (2025-09-15)
- [Resize TrueNAS drives](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/resize-truenas-drives.md): Imaging you are running TrueNAS virtualized and would like to resize drive increasing its capacity. Then reboot and new size should be visible in ZFS pool. It… (2025-08-10)
- [GitLab service desk with iRedMail: details](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/gitlab-service-desk-with-iredmail-details.md): In addition to my previous article about GitLab service desk feature with iRedMail I would like to enhance it a little bit my fixing some missing parts.… (2025-04-23)
- [Proxmox 7 pmxcfs failed: recovery without reboot](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-7-pmxcfs-failed-recovery-without-reboot.md): Failing Proxmox node and unable to access /etc/pve means that you have broken… (2025-04-15)
- [pfSense 2.7.2 with Realtek 2.5GbE ethernet driver](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/pfsense-2-7-2-with-realtek-2-5gbe-ethernet-driver.md): I got 2.5GbE PCI-e card, but no drivers present in pfSense installation. To list devices: There is this Realtek network card: But there is no driver enabled: I… (2025-04-04)
- [Install Proxmox on Scaleway using Dell’s iDRAC](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/install-proxmox-on-scaleway-using-dells-idrac.md): Last time (somewhere around 2023) there was an option on Scaleway to install Proxmox 7 directly from appliance. There was also possiblity to use Debian 11 and… (2025-03-10)
- [Hetzner Cloud with pfSense gateway](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/hetzner-cloud-with-pfsense-gateway.md): Instead of using dedicated Hetzner servers you can use their cloud solutions for less demanding use case scenarios. The idea is to have one server for pfSense… (2025-02-12)
- [Design and 3D-print wall switch in OpenSCAD](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/design-and-print-wall-switch-in-openscad.md): So we decided to try Zigbee wall switches and many of available brands work with Fibaro. But not all of them and not in all configurations. Even if some switch… (2025-02-06)
- [NextCloud 26 update failed](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nextcloud-update-failed.md): I use NextCloud as alternative to Google Photos. My smartphone sends pictures over OpenVPN to my NextCloud instance. However for over a year Android… (2025-02-06)
- [Elasticsearch & Kibana: version 8.x installation](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/elasticsearch-kibana-version-8-x-installation.md): At Indatify we use PostgreSQL for most of the time when dealing with data. We tried to use Cassandra, but for now it is too much of a constraint in such… (2025-02-04)
- [Maxed-out HP z800 RAM: 384 GB of DDR3](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/maxed-out-hp-z800-ram-384-gb-of-ddr3.md): In our lab we have 2 x HP z800 workstations. It is somehow ridiculous piece of hardware in terms of today standards. It’s got over 1 kW power supply, dual CPU… (2025-01-31)
- [Sentry: broken transactions section](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/sentry-broken-transactions-section.md): Managing self-hosted Sentry is pretty straightforward. However due to high number of containers which Sentry is comprised of, there is high chance that we can… (2025-01-23)
- [CentOS 7.9.2009 repository configuration](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/centos-7-9-2009-repository-configuration.md): As for year 2025 there is no more updates for CentOS 7.9.2009. Moreover you need to adjust repository file as network locations changed a little bit. So edit… (2025-01-21)
- [RPCEnvironment init request failed](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/rpcenvironment-init-request-failed.md): I thought of adding another Proxmox node to the cluster. Instead of having PBS on separate physical box I wanted to have it virtualized, same as on any other… (2024-11-13)
- [Selective routing thru multiple pfSense and OpenVPN](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/selective-routing-thru-multiple-pfsense-and-openvpn.md): Lets say you want to pass traffic from your local container/VM via some external pfSense box. This way there is no need to setup VPN on each container you want… (2024-11-13)
- [IP2Location – complete IPv4 ranges ingestion](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ip2location-complete-ipv4-ranges-ingestion.md): IP2Location is a IP address databases where you can find the latest IP to location associations. The complete IPv4 range is 4 294 967 296 addresses which is 32… (2024-11-05)
- [Cassandra performance tuning](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/cassandra-performance-tuning.md): From 8k to 29k writes per second We took IP2Location version DB11 database. It holds few millions of IPv4 ranges which should unwrap onto over 2 billion… (2024-10-31)
- [Recover pfSense 2.6 from kernal panic at ZFS freeing free segment](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/recover-pfsense-2-6-from-kernal-panic-at-zfs-freeing-free-segment.md): Recently my pfSense running on the same hardware for almost 3 years, died. I tried rebooting it and removing RAM, cards etc, with no luck. So decided to bring… (2024-10-21)
- [Casssandra: the introduction](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/casssandra-the-introduction.md): Distributed, partitioned, multi-master, increment horizontal scale-out NoSQL data manegement system for global mission-critical use cases handling petabyte… (2024-09-23)
- [PostgreSQL manual partitioning](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/postgresql-manual-partitioning.md): Have you ever wondered how many tables can we create and use in PostgreSQL database server? Shall we call them partitions or shards? Why not to use built-in… (2024-09-21)
- [How to build computer inside computer?](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/how-to-build-computer-inside-computer.md): Even wondered how computer is built? And no, I’m not talking about unscrewing your laptop… but exactly how the things happen inside the CPU. If so, then check… (2024-09-13)
- [Big-tech cloud vs competitors: price-wise](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/big-tech-cloud-vs-competitors-price-wise.md): Imagine you would like run 2 x vCPU and 4 GB RAM virtual machine. Which service provider do you choose? Azure, AWS or Hetzner? With AWS you pay 65 USD… (2024-09-11)
- [Who’s got the biggest load average?](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/whos-got-the-biggest-load-average.md): Ever wondered what can be the highest load average on the unix-like system? Do we even know what this parameter tells about? It shows the average number of… (2024-09-11)
- [1000 Docker containers in Swarm mode](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/1000-docker-containers-in-swarm-mode.md): I defined Docker Swarm cluster with 20 nodes and created service using Nginx HTTP server Docker image. I scaled it to 1000 container instances, which took a… (2024-09-07)
- [Deploy 20 x Docker Swarm nodes using Terraform and Ansible](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/deploy-20-x-docker-swarm-nodes-using-terraform-and-ansible.md): If you wonder how to automatically deploy 20 nodes of Docker Swarm and run 100 Docker containers in it, then continue reading. I will show how to achieve this… (2024-09-07)
- [Use Packer & Terraform to generate Ubuntu 22.04-4 server image and deploy it automatically to Proxmox](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/use-packer-terraform-to-generate-ubuntu-22-04-4-server-image-and-deploy-it-automatically-to-proxmox.md): If you wonder how to automate Ubuntu virtual machine creation and then deploy it to Proxmox in multple copies, then you are looking for Packer and Terraform.… (2024-09-06)
- [Enterprise Architecture: modelling ArchiMate with Archi](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/enterprise-architecture-modelling-archimate-with-archi.md): The article explores the use of ArchiMate, a modeling language, for enterprise architecture, focusing on its application through the Archi tool. ArchiMate… (2024-08-28)
- [Private cloud for 50€ (Hetzner, Proxmox, pfSense, HAProxy, Docker Swarm, Portainer, Suricata, PBS)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/private-cloud.md): Create secure, high-performance, affordable environment for your container applications using Hetzner dedicated servers.For around 50€ per month. This setup… (2024-08-12)
- [Recovering Sentry from disk full state](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/recovering-sentry-from-disk-full-state.md): If you have Sentry on-premise installed and run out of space, then bringing it back can be a little bit tricky. Especially if you have tons of projects… (2024-06-27)
- [E-mail Service Desk with self-hosted GitLab EE and iRedMail](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/e-mail-service-desk-with-self-hosted-gitlab-ee-and-iredmail.md): In order to process incoming e-mail messages as issues registered in GitLab you need to have catch-all mailbox and GitLab configured to handle it. However,… (2024-05-21)
- [BPMN process modeling with Bonita Studio](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/bpmn-process-modeling-with-bonita-studio.md): Building applications to do things better leads to operational excellence. And using digital tools and applications across the enterprise to do business… (2024-04-11)
- [Seperate Proxmox node from cluster](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/seperate-proxmox-node-from-cluster.md): In order to separate Proxmox node from… (2024-01-14)
- [Nested virtualization on Proxmox 7.4](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nested-virtualization-on-proxmox-7-4.md): If you would like to run virtual machine inside another virtual machine, then you need to have CPU with nested virtualization feature and this feature needs to… (2024-01-12)
- [Configure outgoing mail on Redash](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/configure-outgoing-mail-on-redash.md): Installing Redash is straightforward if you use https://github.com/getredash/setup repository. Just run setup script to download, install and configure all… (2023-10-21)
- [Private Docker Registry with pfSense-offloaded TLS connections](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/private-docker-registry-with-pfsense-offloaded-tls-connections.md): Benefit from running your own docker registry is cost and privacy. But in order to use it in various places you need to secure its connection with SSL/TLS… (2023-10-19)
- [Proxmox LXC backup with exit code 11](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-lxc-backup-with-exit-code-11.md): In case you have some LXC containers on your Proxmox server, then there is high chance that you will get some errors during backup them up. Some container… (2023-10-17)
- [Proxmox 8 on Scaleway](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-8-on-scaleway.md): Bare metal servers offered at Scaleway are at reasonable prices, which can be compared to those on Hetzner. You even get Proxmox installation by default… (2023-08-01)
- [Almost private-only Proxmox cluster](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/almost-private-only-proxmox-cluster.md): If you wonder if it is possible to have private-only Proxmox cluster in Hetnzer, then the answer is yes, almost. Of couse you can order dedicated hardware to… (2023-05-08)
- [oc rsync takes down OKD master processes](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/oc-rsync-takes-down-okd-master-processes.md): It might sound a little weird, but that’s the case. I was trying to setup NFS mount in OKD docker registry (from this tutorial). During oc rsync from inside… (2023-05-06)
- [Conditional Nginx logging](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/conditional-nginx-logging.md): Logging all HTTP traffic is often unnecessary. It especially applies to website which include not only text content but also all kind of additional components,… (2023-04-28)
- [Mounting SSD drive as swap in VM](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/mounting-ssd-drive-as-swap-in-vm.md): First of all this SSD drive which I use is somehow faulty. It is a Goodram SSDPR-CX400-01T-G2 drive of 1TB. It have been working fine for few weeks until some… (2023-02-06)
- [iRedMail mail server with SPF and DKIM](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/iredmail-mail-server-with-spf-and-dkim.md): Having your own mail server could be useful but also sometimes dangereous. I am happy to see appliance such as iRedMail which cover variaty of topics regarding… (2023-02-02)
- [Load OSM map files into PostgreSQL](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/load-osm-map-files-into-postgresql.md): You can use OpenStreetMaps on your own hardware. You need to grab map files first, which can be found at… (2023-01-05)
- [Install Redash](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/install-redash.md): Data is valuable if consumed or at least identified. For private and corporate usages I suggest installing Redash as it gives options for saving queries,… (2023-01-03)
- [WebGL performance](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/webgl-performance.md): As already stated in my year 2023 plans, there will be some time for graphics programming. Back in the days I was exploring OpenGL but that was way long ago.… (2023-01-03)
- [Plans for 2023](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/plans-for-2023.md): I’m looking forward for new year’s technology opportunities. I have few ongoing projects which I would like to finish by the end of this… (2023-01-02)
- [pg gem on Ubuntu 22](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/pg-gem-on-ubuntu-22.md): I thought that installing pg gem on my clean Ubuntu 22 will be easy, but no. I got some weird message: So I tried to force installation: After this: On this… (2022-12-02)
- [SMB shares on Ubuntu 22 server](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/smb-shares-on-ubuntu-22-server.md): SMB shares can be created either with UI on a desktop version or command line on a server installation. You can use this shares both on Linux stations and… (2022-11-23)
- [simpleproxy](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/simpleproxy.md): In case you use ever changing outbound public IP connection like in Microsoft Azure, then you can try create machine with public IP and passing your local… (2022-11-15)
- [OpenShift 4.11 TLS handshake timeout on oc login](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/openshift-4-11-tls-handshake-timeout-on-oc-login.md): Finally after OKD 3.11 support has ended I’ve decided to try 4.x releases. I found that there is quite nice installation assistant available on… (2022-11-10)
- [Proxmox Backup Server timeout on disk initialization](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-backup-server-timeout-on-disk-initialization.md): I installed Proxmox Backup Server several times, both on bare metal and virtualized inside Proxmox VE. This time I did it in PVE as virtual machine and… (2022-11-08)
- [Proxmox VE & pfSense on Hetzner dedicated servers](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-ve-on-hetzner-dedicated-servers.md): There is not too much a precise documentation from Hetzner available if you want to know what exactly you should do to run dedicated servers with primary and… (2022-11-08)
- [OKD Docker private Registry on NFS mount](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/okd-docker-private-registry-on-nfs-mount.md): If you use OKD/OpenShift then most probably you also run internal and private Docker registry for your builds. Cluster uses this to lookup for containers… (2022-11-06)
- [Redeploying OKD 3.11 certificates](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/redeploying-okd-3-11-certificates.md): Since the beginning of 3.x line of OpenShift/OKD releases there are various issues with internal certificates. TLS communication inside the cluster is used in… (2022-11-04)
- [Elasticsearch fix read only index](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/elasticsearch-fix-read-only-index.md): In case you have been low on disk space on your Elasticsearch instance, there is high probability that your indices are marked read only now. In order to fix… (2022-11-02)
- [Reinstalling GRUB](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/reinstalling-grub.md): In one of my previous posts I mentioned some troubles regarding reinstalling Ubuntu 22, loosing ability to select OS and to boot at all actually. I found that… (2022-11-02)
- [Expand CentOS LVM disk and filesystem](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/expand-centos-lvm-disk-and-filesystem.md): There are two ways of expanding your root filesystem space. It’s either by adding additional volumes or by resizing PV. Let’s try the latter. We have CentOS 7… (2022-11-02)
- [Windows/Ubuntu dual boot issues](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/windows-ubuntu-dual-boot-issues.md): I have dual boot on my Lenovo Thinkpad T420s, Windows 10 and Ubuntu 22. Actually I had, because I tried to reinstall Ubuntu 22 and I’ve lost my dual boot and… (2022-11-01)
- [Proxmox node out of cluster](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-node-out-of-cluster.md): I was replacing drives and memory in one of servers and out of a sudden node was unable to start. When finally it booted it was gone out of cluster. Weird.… (2022-10-13)
- [Ubuntu resize LVM](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ubuntu-resize-lvm.md): During installation Ubuntu will create LVM with half of the space available. In order to expand it to whole space available you need to extend logical volume… (2022-10-06)
- [Geo location with Filebeat on Elasticsearch 7, HAProxy and NGINX](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/geo-location-with-filebeat-on-elasticsearch-7-haproxy-and-nginx.md): Display geo location map for NGINX traffic logs in Kibana Summary There are 3 things to remember and configure in order to have geo location map working: Use… (2022-09-23)
- [Data Mining & Exploration](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/data-mining-exploration.md): Among 3 million public IP address ranges for the whole world, 68k belongs to the Russian Federation. This translates into 45 million addresses. Scanning the… (2022-09-18)
- [Semiconductors](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/semiconductors.md): The basis for the construction of diodes and transistors A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity is between the conductors and insulators.… (2022-09-14)
- [Coil](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/coil.md): Energy in a magnetic field [209] Just as a capacitor works by storing energy as an electric field, an inductor stores energy as a magnetic field. The energy… (2022-09-14)
- [WordPress quirks and features](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/wordpress-quirks-and-features.md): I will start with the werid experience with one of WP themes – Polite and Polite Grid. I was wondering why my website make double requests on every page. One… (2022-09-14)
- [Voltage divider](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/voltage-divider.md): Lowering the voltage value [202] The next example I want to present in practice is a popular voltage divider. It allows the output voltage to be reduced to the… (2022-09-13)
- [Kirchhoff’s law](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/kirchhoffs-law.md): Theory and practice [W] One of the basic principles of current flow is the first law of Kirchhoff, which says that for the electric circuit node, the algebraic… (2022-09-13)
- [Capacitor](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/capacitor.md): Signal filtering [202] Capacitors are divided into polarized and non-polarized depending on whether the direction of their inclusion in the circuit is… (2022-09-12)
- [growfs fsck required (pfSense)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/growfs-fsck-required-pfsense.md): In case you’ve managed to overcome other issues with system unable to boot, disk size not updated then there might be still one problem left. Sometimes… (2022-09-12)
- [Azure FreeBSD (pfSense) not able to pick boot partition after disk resize](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/freebsd-not-able-to-pick-boot-partition.md): Following previous struggles on pfSense FreeBSD on Azure. After resizing disk Microsoft starts at some point adding an another drive which is temporary one. I… (2022-09-12)
- [Resize drive and partition on FreeBSD 12 (pfSense)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/resize-drive-and-partition-on-freebsd-12-pfsense.md): Recently I described how to increase drive, partition and filesystem on FreeBSD in Azure virtual machine. It turned out that this scenario was little bit… (2022-09-12)
- [WordPress migration](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/wordpress-migration.md): After 2 years on DigitalOcean I’ve decided to move out. Not because it’s bad or expensive, but because I need one more feature which is IDS/IPS. By default… (2022-09-11)
- [Proxmox setting locale failed](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmox-setting-locale-failed.md): If you log in to Proxmox’s shell and see error stating that “setting locale failed“, then execute the following command to get rid of that message: Not quite… (2022-09-09)
- [Recover pfSense from out of disk space and config.xml corruption](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/recover-pfsense-from-out-of-disk-space-and-config-xml-corruption.md): I use NetGate pfSense+ version 22 based on FreeBSD 21. I encountered a problem of running out of disk space because of packet logging enable in Suricata. Out… (2022-09-08)
- [Ruby on Rails vs PostgreSQL 14 partitioning primary keys](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ruby-on-rails-vs-postgresql-14-partitioning-primary-keys.md): Starting from PostgreSQL 10 we have available new type of paritioning, which is declarative one. Before we had inheritance which is also good but has some… (2022-09-08)
- [Allow .local domain suffix to be resolved](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/allow-local-domain-suffix-to-be-resolved.md): On many chances you may need to configure some domains using .local suffix. Unfortunately this is covered by RFC 6762 (multicast… (2022-09-06)
- [Multiple ZFS pools on single drive](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/multiple-zfs-pools-on-single-drive.md): Image a hypothetical scenario having two 512 GB drives and want to use a Proxmox ZFS VM replication onto a second server with one 1 TB drive. Solution is quite… (2022-09-03)
- [disk/partition ‘/dev/sdX’ has a holder (500)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/disk-partition-dev-sdx-has-a-holder-500.md): Having LVM on the disk causes system to automatically active such volumes. I installed used drive with Ubuntu on it to my Proxmox server. Using Proxmox’s UI… (2022-09-03)
- [Package is in a very bad inconsistent state](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/package-is-in-a-very-bad-inconsistent-state.md): Aborting Ubuntu packages update via Ansible gave me some weird state of libatk-wrapper-java-jni package. My playbook installs default-jre and it was painfully… (2022-09-02)
- [UnsupportedClassVersionError](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/unsupportedclassversionerror.md): Changing Java language level to run compiled code on older runtimes I’m working on some Java project. I use IntelliJ IDEA and deciced to go with Oracle’s… (2022-09-02)
- [min.io server behind NGINX reverse-proxy](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/min-io-server-behind-nginx-reverse-proxy.md): The most recent min.io server release requires one additional thing in the configuration comparing to versions in the past years. Having min.io on one box and… (2022-08-31)
- [PostgreSQL 14, btree_gin no such file](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/postgresql-14-btree_gin-no-such-file.md): In case you would like to enable some PostgreSQL extensions there is basically one thing you should do which is install postgresql14-contrib package and then… (2022-08-30)
- [DEGRADED ZFS pool, hard disk failure](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/degraded-zfs-pool-hard-disk-failure.md): I own a preowned HP z800 workstation. As purchased it contained HDD inside – Western Digital WD5000AAKX-75U6AA0, SATA III, 500GB, 7200 RPM, 16MB of cache.… (2022-08-26)
- [Docker Registry on Ubuntu 20.04](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/docker-registry-on-ubuntu-20-04.md): Docker Registry could be useful in various scenarios, but the most common would be containers orchestration software such as Kubernetes, OpenShift/OKD or… (2022-08-26)
- [Ubuntu 21 (impish) updates unavailable](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ubuntu-21-impish-updates-unavailable.md): I was trying to add some new packages and figured it out that my Ubuntu 21 is out of date. Unfortunately some time ago I unchecked all repositories in Software… (2022-08-21)
- [pg_stat_statements must be loaded via shared_preload_libraries](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/pg_stat_statements-must-be-loaded-via-shared_preload_libraries.md): Latest Clustercontrol – version 1.9.4 – installation somehow requires pg_stat_statements to be activated in PostgreSQL 14. I have never noticed it before, both… (2022-08-20)
- [Mirror Git repository](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/mirror-git-repository.md): If you need to mirror remote repository and push it to another remote repo, then there is one thing you should do to be able to export all remote branches and… (2022-08-19)
- [Extending CentOS7 partition on Azure](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/extending-centos7-partition-on-azure.md): Using CentOS7 templates on Azure could result in lack of LVM, swap and non auto-extendable partitions. Some other templates have such feature, but not all of… (2022-08-19)
- [Zabbix Proxy 4.2 installation years later](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/zabbix-proxy-4-2-installation-years-later.md): Old Zabbix Proxy 4.2 installation could be quite confusing as you cannot grab the latest one to work with old Zabbix server. Fortunately there is archive… (2022-08-19)
- [Proxmox’s nesting setting with WordPress container](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/proxmoxs-nesting-setting-with-wordpress-container.md): If you happen to use Proxmox’s LXC which stands for Linux Containers, then you might be interested in this one. Proxmox has this turnkey containers available… (2022-08-16)
- [Installing PostgreSQL 14 on CentOS 7](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/installing-postgresql-14-on-centos-7.md): PostgreSQL 14 has few improvements over previous versions, especially older ones, like 9.6. This includes automatic data direction using partitioning. So,… (2022-08-16)
- [Ohm’s law](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ohms-law.md): Theory and practice [204] This is the SI unit of resistance. 1 ohm is the electrical resistance between two points on a conductor when a constant potential… (2022-08-15)
- [Circuit simulation](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/circuit-simulation.md): Construction and testing of circuits in the TINA TI program To translate theory into practice, we can use the TINA package from DesignSoft for Texas… (2022-08-15)
- [Electric voltage](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/electric-voltage.md): Measure of the strength of electric charges. Electrostatic potential difference. Electronics is based on physics. The basic concepts here are voltage, current… (2022-08-14)
- [Recovering Elasticsearch 7 after power outage](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/recovering-elasticsearch-7-after-power-outage.md): In case you encounted power outage or just blindly pressed restart button on your machine, there is high chance you will have some issues with your cluster.… (2022-08-14)
- [Install qemu-guest-agent with Ansible on Proxmox 7.2](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/install-qemu-guest-agent-with-ansible-on-proxmox-7-2.md): I already have over 10 virtual machines in my home virtual environment. It is the number I find enough to start using some automation tools like Ansible.… (2022-08-14)
- [Trapping ctrl+c in Bash scripts](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/trapping-ctrlc-in-bash-scripts.md): If you happen to have some Bash scripts and would like to abort it in clean way there is way to do it. You need to trap ctrl+c command. In case you have some… (2022-08-13)
- [Installing Metricbeat 7.17 agent on Ubuntu](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/installing-metricbeat-7-17-agent-on-ubuntu.md): Once you have installed Elasticsearch and Kibana servers you need to grab some data. First choice could be beats modules, either Metricbeat or Packetbeat.… (2022-08-07)
- [Elasticsearch 7: Could not locate that index-pattern](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/elasticsearch-7-could-not-locate-that-index-pattern.md): Recently I’ve been tryout Elasticsearch 7 with Kibana and Metricbeat as well as Filebeat. I encountered some issues with indices so I dropped dashboards and… (2022-07-21)

## Security

- [Make Opera browser great again!](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/make-opera-browser-great-again.md): Get rid of ads and stop sending your data for free to Opera Little history My favourite browser was Opera for so many years. Between 2000 and 2005 it was… (2024-09-09)
- [NIS 2: anti-rootkit & anti-virus installation and scanning with Ansible](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nis-2-anti-rootkit-anti-virus-installation-and-scanning-with-ansible.md): If you run digital services platform or critical infrastructure then most probably you are covered by NIS 2 and its requirements including those concerning… (2024-09-02)
- [Encrypt with LUKS an unencrypted LVM Ubuntu 22 Server without system reinstallation](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/encrypt-with-luks-an-unencrypted-lvm-ubuntu-22-server-without-system-reinstallation.md): Keep your data safe. Device loss or unauthorized access can be mitigated by encrypting drive in your server and workstation. So you may have a Ubuntu Linux… (2024-05-14)
- [External and redundand Azure VM backups with Veeam to remote site](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/external-and-redundand-azure-vm-backups-with-veeam-to-remote-site.md): Backup is a must. Primary hardware fails. Local backups can also fail or can be… (2024-05-10)
- [Recovering Proxmox VM from failed HDD](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/recovering-proxmox-vm-from-failed-hdd.md): Due to previous failure of SSD drive from Goodram I was forced to use brand new 1TB HDD from Toshiba. It was not a problem because the system running on it… (2024-02-23)
- [Germany BSI abuse message prevention](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/germany-bsi-abuse-message-prevention.md): In case of an Abuse message from BSI (in Germany), the following services must be enabled and disabled: Verify in 2 ways: Cutting with DROP traffic by Suricata… (2023-10-08)
- [Dual WAN with failover in pfSense](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/dual-wan-with-failover-in-pfsense.md): Once in a while there is outage in my main internet connection. In order to keep everything up and running (fortunately) we can setup secondary WAN over LTE… (2023-08-10)
- [Compatibility of Suricata IPS on Proxmox](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/compatibility-of-suricata-ips-on-proxmox.md): For non-users of either Proxmox or Suricata: the first one is virtualization appliance which helps firing up virtual machines as well as LXC containers and the… (2023-04-26)
- [DNS privacy issues](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/dns-privacy-issues.md): Until recently I though that having DNS subdomain entries provides enough obscurity thus should it be secure. If your DNS server does not offer transfering… (2023-01-20)
- [MikroTik basic reconfiguration](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/mikrotik-basic-reconfiguration.md): In case you have access to MikroTik device without UI available, only CLI then you possibly would like to know how to do some basic reconfiguration to gain… (2022-11-14)
- [KeeneticOS basic reconfiguration](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/keeneticos-basic-reconfiguration.md): In case you would like to have PPTP VPN server but no such is installed. But first things first. For such an obsolete hardware and software keep in mind that… (2022-10-31)
- [Cowrie Honeypot](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/cowrie-honeypot.md): Until recently I did not know that honeypots I encounter are based on Cowrie. But it does not change much to be honest. I already seen almost 100 of these… (2022-10-27)
- [SSH access using Ruby to outdated servers](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ssh-access-using-ruby-to-outdated-servers.md): If for some unknown reasons you need to connect thru SSH to some outdated server using Ruby code, then you are in the right place. But first a little piece of… (2022-10-24)
- [KeeneticOS PPTP VPN server](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/keeneticos-pptp-vpn-server.md): If you own this router then you might be interested how to setup VPN Server. I am personally interested in a way of how to do this using CLI only. It looks… (2022-10-11)
- [PPTP VPN on Wive-NG router](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/pptp-vpn-on-wive-ng-router.md): On Wive-NG router when talking about VPN you have either PPP or WireGuard. As PPP is first listed so I tried it before trying WireGuard. Here are my thoughts.… (2022-10-11)
- [EcoRouter 2008 change user password](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ecorouter-2008-change-user-password.md): Possibility that you own or operate EcoRouter 2008 with EcoBNGOS are very low. However just in case you will have to work with this one it will be useful to… (2022-10-04)
- [MikroTik RouterOS 7.5 change default DNS](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/mikrotik-routeros-7-5-change-default-dns.md): Want to change default DNS for the network in MikroTik’s RouterOS CLI? You can use web UI but it could have some issues preventing from configuration save, so… (2022-10-03)
- [airodump-ng and aireplay-ng to deauthenticate  clients from access point](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/airodump-ng-and-aireplay-ng-to-deauthenticate-wireless-clients-from-access-point.md): Disconnecting wireless clients from access points The problem The nature of wireless networking is quite problematic because transmission goes over air and can… (2022-09-29)
- [Suricata IDS/IPS on pfSense](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/suricata-ids-and-ips-on-pfsense.md): Detecting and preventing threats Introduction To provide security in a network you can deploy IDS or IPS systems. The difference is on the second letter, D… (2022-09-25)
- [Disabling uncategorized internal Suricata rules in pfSense](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/disabling-uncategorized-internal-suricata-rules-in-pfsense.md): I want to enable only particular rules categories. Do not want to have all these internal Suricate rules as they cover too broad variaty of cases including… (2022-09-04)

## Publications

- [OpenCL](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/opencl.md): Programowanie CPU i GPU “Mamy rok 2022. Minęła ponad dekada od pojawienia się OpenCL. Omówię standard, przykładowy sprzęt, a także zaprezentuję rzeczywiste… (2022-05-03, pl)
- [Simple High Performance Computing](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/simple-high-performance-computing.md): Podstawy elektroniki i budowa komputera w symulatorze “Jest to pierwsza część serii Simple High Performance Computing o tytule Podstawy elektroniki i budowa… (2021-10-22, pl)
- [Poradnik dla miłośników roślin – to nie jest takie trudne](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/poradnik-dla-milosnikow-roslin-to-nie-jest-takie-trudne.md): “Był początek lat dziewięćdziesiątych, kiedy przed moim mężem pojawiła się szansa otrzymania działki pracowniczej. Co prawda na razie było to wysypisko śmieci… (2020-11-03, pl)
- [Ruby on Rails – ćwiczenia](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ruby-on-rails-cwiczenia.md): “Dzięki książce “Ruby on Rails. Ćwiczenia” opanujesz podstawy tworzenia aplikacji internetowych za pomocą tej technologii. Nauczysz się programować w języku… (2020-11-03, pl)
- [Jakość oprogramowania. Podręcznik dla profesjonalistów](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/jakosc-oprogramowania-podrecznik-dla-profesjonalistow.md): “Czym jest jakość oprogramowania? Czy to wyłącznie miara technicznej doskonałości kodu? A może jakość to coś znacznie więcej? Czy niezawodne działanie i brak… (2020-08-12, pl)
- [Programowanie w języku Ruby. Mikrousługi i konteneryzacja](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/programowanie-w-jezyku-ruby-mikrouslugi-i-konteneryzacja.md): “Ruby to nowoczesny, wieloparadygmatowy, interpretowany język programowania. Wraz z platformą Rails stanowi jedno z najpopularniejszych rozwiązań służących do… (2020-08-12, pl)

## AI/ML

- [LLM training parameters explanation](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/llm-training-parameters-explanation.md): Quick overview of LLM MLX LORA training parameters. weight_decay A regularization technique that adds a small penalty to the weights during training to prevent… (2025-10-25)
- [Full LLM fine-tuning using transformers, torch and accelerate with HF and GGUF](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/full-llm-fine-tuning-using-transformers-torch-and-accelerate-with-hf-and-gguf.md): Full fine-tuning of mlx-community/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct-bf16 Recently I posted article on how to train LORA MLX LLM here. Then I asked myself how can I export or… (2025-10-24)
- [Train LLM on Mac Studio using MLX framework](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/train-llm-on-mac-studio-using-mlx-framework.md): I have done over 500 training sessions using Qwen2.5, Qwen3, Gemma and plenty other LLM publicly available to inject domain specific knowledge into the model’s… (2025-10-08)
- [YOLOx ONNX models use in Frigate](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/yolox-onnx-models-use-in-frigate.md): YOLOX is an anchor-free version of YOLO, with a simpler design but better performance! It aims to bridge the gap between research and industrial communities.… (2025-09-04)
- [Generating AI video with FramePack](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/generating-ai-video-with-framepack.md): Upload image, enter text prompt and press Start Generation. It is as easy as it looks like. So we take some pre-trained models, feed it with some text prompt… (2025-04-30)
- [GPU pass-thru in Proxmox 7 and Ubuntu 20, follow-up](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/gpu-pass-thru-in-proxmox-7-and-ubuntu-20-follow-up.md): In previous article about GPU pass-thru which can found here, I described how to setup things mostly from Proxmox perspective. However from VM perspective I… (2025-04-25)
- [Mattermost AI chatbot with image generation support from Automatic1111](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/matermost-ai-chatbot-with-image-generation-support-from-automatic1111.md): How about AI chatbot integraton in you Mattermost server? With possiblity to generate images using StableDiffusion… So, here is my Indatify’s Mattermost server… (2025-04-03)
- [Configuring NVIDIA RTX A6000 ADA in Ubuntu 22](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/configuring-nvidia-rtx-a6000-ada-in-ubuntu-22.md): I thought that installing NVIDIA RTX A6000 ADA in default Ubuntu 22 server installation would be an easy one. However, installing drivers from the repository… (2025-03-25)
- [“You’re trying to frame the request as a documentary photograph”](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/youre-trying-to-frame-the-request-as-a-documentary-photograph.md): LLMs contain built-in policies for protecting minors, animals etc. Monkey eating sausage should be against policy. But it can be fooled and finally model stops… (2025-03-22)
- [Code generation and artifacts preview with WebUI and codegemma:7b](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/code-generation-and-artifacts-preview-with-webui-and-codegemma7b.md): Generate WebGL, Three.JS, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, no Python code, single page with rotating cube, ambient lighting. Load libraries from CDN. Let ambient… (2025-03-18)
- [Ollama, WebUI, Automatic1111 – your own, personal, local AI from scratch](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ollama-webui-automatic1111-from-scratch.md): My local toolbox was empty, now it’s full. Lately I have been writing about Ollama, WebUI and StableDiffusion on top of Automatic1111. I found myself… (2025-03-18)
- [Custom Gemma AI system prompt to create own chatbot experience](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/custom-gemma-ai-system-prompt-to-create-own-chatbot-experience.md): I want to create custom chatbot experience. I want to be based on Google’s Gemma AI Large Language Models. I find Gemma3, especially 27b version very capable… (2025-03-16)
- [Single vs multiple GPU power load](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/single-vs-multiple-gpu-power-load.md): slight utlization drop when dealing with multi GPU setup TLDR Power usage and GPU utilization varies between single GPU models and multi GPU models. Deal with… (2025-03-16)
- [Generate images with Stable Diffusion, Gemma and WebUI on NVIDIA GPUs](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/generate-images-with-stable-diffusion-gemma-and-webui-on-nvidia-gpus.md): With Ollama paired with Gemma3 model, Open WebUI with RAG and search capabilities and finally Automatic1111 running Stable Diffusion you can have quite… (2025-03-15)
- [Run DeepSeek-R1:70b on CPU and RAM](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/run-deepseek-r170b-on-cpu-and-ram.md): Utilize both CPU, RAM and GPU computational resources With Ollama you can use not only GPU but also CPU with regular RAM go run LLM models, like… (2025-03-14)
- [Ollama with Open WebUI on 2 x RTX 3060 12 GB](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ollama-with-open-webui-on-2-x-rtx-3060-12-gb.md): Ollama with WebUI on 2 “powerful” GPUs feels like commercial GPTs online I thought that Exo would do the job and utilize both of my Lab servers. Unfortunately,… (2025-03-13)
- [Exo: the GPU cluster (tinygrad | MLX)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/exo-the-gpu-cluster-tinygrad-mlx.md): Theory: running AI workload spreaded across various devices using pipeline parallel inference In theory Exo provides a way to run memory heavy AI/LLM models… (2025-03-13)
- [Object detection and scene description: various libraries/frameworks tested lately](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/object-detection-and-scene-description-various-libraries-frameworks-tested-lately.md): No, cant use Tesla K20xm with 6GB VRAM for modern computation as it has Compute Capability parameter lower than required 7.0. Here you have table of my… (2025-03-13)
- [Qwen LLM](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/qwen-llm.md): What is Qwen? This is the organization of Qwen, which refers to the large language model family built by Alibaba Cloud. In this organization, we continuously… (2025-03-10)
- [NVIDIA CC 7.0+: how to run Ollama/moondream:1.8b](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nvidia-cc-7-0-how-to-run-ollama-moondream1-8b.md): Well, in one of the previous articles I described how to invoke Ollama/moondream:1.8b using cURL, however I forgot to tell how to even run it in Docker… (2025-03-09)
- [OpenVINO in AI computer vision object detection (Frigate + OpenVINO)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/openvino-in-ai-computer-vision-object-detection-frigate-openvino.md): What is OpenVINO? “Open-source software toolkit for optimizing and deploying deep learning models.” It is developed by Intel since 2018. It supports LLM,… (2025-03-09)
- [Invoke ollama/moondream:1.8b using cURL](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/invoke-ollama-moondream1-8b-using-curl.md): Given this image: You would like to describe it using Ollama and moondream:1.8b model you can try cURL. First encode image in base64: Then prepare request: And… (2025-03-07)
- [Google Coral TPU and TensorRT (Frigate + NVIDIA GPU/TensorRT)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/google-coral-tpu-and-tensorrt.md): These are two majors which allow to run object detection models. Google Coral TPU is a physical module which can be in a form of USB stick. TensorRT is a… (2025-02-26)
- [AI video surveillance with DeepStack, Python and ZoneMinder](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/ai-video-surveillance-with-deepstack-python-and-zoneminder.md): For those using ZoneMinder and trying to figure out how to detect objects, there is deepquestai/deepstack AI model and builtin HTTP server. You can grab video… (2025-02-16)
- [Run Bielik LLM from SpeakLeash using LM Studio on your local machine](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/run-bielik-llm-from-speakleash-using-lm-studio-on-your-local-machine.md): Did you know that you can use the Polish LLM Bielik from SpeakLeash locally, on your private computer? The easiest way to do this is LM Studio (from… (2024-10-21)
- [Block AI web-scrapers from stealing your website content](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/block-ai-web-scrapers-from-stealing-your-website-content.md): Did you know that you may block AI-related web-scrapers from downloading your whole websites and actually stealing your content. This way LLM models will need… (2024-09-15)
- [BLOOM LLM: how to use?](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/bloom-llm-how-to-use.md): Asking BLOOM-560M “what is love?” it replies with “The woman who had my first kiss in my life had no idea that I was a man”. wtf?! Intro I’ve been into… (2024-09-12)
- [Microsoft Azure AI Services: computer vision](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/microsoft-azure-ai-services-computer-vision.md): Use Microsoft Azure AI Services to analyze images, voice, documents. No AI/ML or coding skills required. Responsible AI applies by EU AI act. Formerly… (2024-09-08)
- [Demaskowanie “możliwości” ChatGPT](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/demaskowanie-mozliwosci-chatgpt.md): Wstęp Dzisiaj wyjątkowo będzie po polsku na temat ChatGPT. Zadałem sobie nieco trudu i wypróbowałem jego “możliwości” z zakresu programowania jako, że… (2023-02-06, pl)
- [Thoughts on GPU thermal issues](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/thoughts-on-gpu-thermal-issues.md): I’ve been playing around with several devices in a context of running OpenCL code on them. They have one common thing which is excessive heat coming out of GPU… (2023-01-19)
- [Device performance in OpenCL DES](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/device-performance-in-opencl-des.md): Among various computing devices I have there is one that stands out it is NVIDIA Quadro NVS 140M because it supports only FP32 (float) operations, but not FP64… (2023-01-17)
- [GPU passthru in Proxmox for OpenCL, ufff](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/gpu-passthru-in-proxmox-for-opencl-ufff.md): You can put your #GPU in #Proxmox server box and pass thru computational power to virtual machines… just in case you would like to run your AI/ML things… (2023-01-13)
- [Text processing in OpenCL](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/text-processing-in-opencl.md): OpenCL is excellent in the field of numbers, but not that much into text processing. It lacks even basic functions available in regular C99. So the question is… (2022-12-30)
- [DES cipher is 40 times faster in OpenCL](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/des-cipher-is-40-times-faster-in-opencl.md): OpenCL implementation od DES cipher is way faster than regular single-threaded C program. 1 mln encryptions take less than a second on RTX 3050 Ti, but also as… (2022-12-25)
- [Failed to load library libOpenCL.so.1](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/failed-to-load-library-libopencl-so-1-although-it-exists.md): Today I came back to my OpenCL project (can be found here). I have had not tried it on my fresh Ubuntu 22 installation on my Dell g15 with RTX 3050 Ti. Altough… (2022-12-10)

## Hobby

- [OpenHAB failing to grab RTSP snapshots](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/openhab-failing-to-grab-rtsp-snapshots.md): If you have OpenHAB on Proxmox or any other virtualization and it sometimes fails to grab RTSP stream and create snapshots, then there is high chance that… (2024-11-12)
- [Video playback not working on LinkedIn in Opera on Ubuntu 22](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/video-playback-not-working-on-linkedin-in-opera-on-ubuntu-22.md): On fresh installation of Ubuntu 22, using Opera for video playback can be an issue. So even after installing all things that you may think it could help – it… (2024-09-04)
- [Making Satel Opal Plus motion sensor wireless with Fibaro Smart Implant](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/making-satel-opal-plus-motion-sensor-wireless-with-fibaro-smart-implant.md): It is possible to make wire based motion sensor from Satel, wireles using Zwave network. Satel Opal, Opal Plus and Opal Pro have similar case which can hold… (2024-06-29)
- [Fibaro Home Center 3 vs OpenHAB](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/fibaro-home-center-3-vs-openhab.md): Recently we’ve ordered Fibaro’s HC3 as a replacement for OpenHAB. First because it has integration with Satel alarm system and second that it has native Zigbee… (2024-06-29)
- [Fixing Ubuntu 22 camera recording](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/fixing-ubuntu-22-camera-recording.md): I tried to record video on my Dell G15 laptop using built-in camera. Unfortunately, by default it does not work. I tried Cheese and Webcamoid using several… (2024-06-29)
- [Turn on/off Samsung SmartThings A/C from Fibaro HC3](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/turn-on-off-samsung-smartthings-a-c-from-fibaro-hc3.md): In order to integrate your SmartThings devices into Fibaro HC3 you need to create access token and review API documention which can be found here:… (2024-06-27)
- [Connecting WiZ LED lights to Fibaro HC3](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/connecting-wiz-led-lights-to-fibaro-hc3.md): In popular DIY markets you can buy Philips WiZ LED light bulbs. They are affordable choice over Hue lights. WiZ lights operate thru WiFi connection and can be… (2024-06-27)
- [Create own shorcut icon in Ubuntu 22 panel](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/create-own-shorcut-icon-in-ubuntu-22-panel.md): If you want to run some curl on icon click from Ubuntu 22 panel, then you need to create file in ~/.local/share/applications: Then after few seconds, press… (2024-02-11)
- [chromium downloader for MacOS 10.8.5](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/chromium-downloader-for-macos-10-8-5.md): If you happen to have MacBookPro3,1 with Intel Core 2 Duo 2.2Hz DDR2 SDRAM with MacOS 10.8.5 on board then you probably wonder if there is a chance to access… (2024-02-11)
- [Bash controlled Raspberry Pi 3B relay hat](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/bash-controlled-raspberry-pi-3b-relay-hat.md): If you would like to control some electrical devices by switching them on and off then one possiblity is to use Rasberry Pi relay hat. It is from… (2023-12-13)
- [c++11 on MacOS 10.8.5 or even 10.4.11](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/c11-on-macos-10-8.md): I tried to compile my c++ code with c++11 features on GCC 4.2.1 which is default on my MacBookPro3,1 with MacOS 10.8.5. I used random library, so I needed… (2022-11-26)
- [MacPorts installation on 10.8.5](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/macports-installation-on-10-8-5.md): To bring and old MacBookPro up to date you can use MacPorts. First you should download and install MacPorts package from macports.org. There is a pkg file to… (2022-09-11)
- [Apple MacBook Pro 15 inch (2007)](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/apple-macbook-pro-15-inch-2007.md): I have this nice MacBook Pro (3,1) from 2007. It has Intel’s Core 2 Duo running 2.2 GHz. Unfortunately the battery is dead or electronics reponsible for… (2022-07-21)
- [(X)Ubuntu on ThinkPad T61](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/xubuntu-on-thinkpad-t61.md): Recently I got Lenovo ThinkPad T61 in working conditions. It has Intel Core 2 Duo T7100 @1.8 GHz, 4 GB of… (2022-07-14)

## Photography

- [How to import files into darktable](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/how-to-import-files-into-darktable.md): If you try using darktable 3.6 and previously been using older versions then you may be confused. In lighttable, import pane there are two buttons instead of… (2021-07-23)
- [RAW processing with darktable 3.6](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/raw-processing-with-darktable-3-6.md): If you shoot RAW then most probably you need to have dedicated software for processing such files. I use darktable, however it is worth to mention that Windows… (2021-07-22)
- [YN50/1.8 vs Nikkor 35-70 3.3/4.5 – sharpness comparison](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/yn50-1-8-vs-nikkor-35-70-3-3-4-5-sharpness-comparison.md): I started wondering if cheap YN lens can be compared with with some cheap Nikkor lens. Yes it can. I shoot same lens cap with Nikon D200 with these two lenses… (2021-07-21)
- [Nikon D7100 vs D200](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikon-d7100-vs-d200.md): Some time ago I got rid of my D200. But now I have another one in excellent shape. In the past I upgrade from it to D7100 which is better in terms of… (2021-07-20)
- [NIKON D7100, Yongnuo 50/1.8](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikon-d7100-yongnuo-50-1-8.md): It is a 24 megapixels digital SR camera. Sadly to say that I do not use this maximum resolution, because files are just too big. I even skipped using NEF raw… (2020-11-01)
- [Adapting SMENA 8M lens to NIKON F](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/adapting-smena-8m-lens-to-nikon-f.md): As previously stated, I tried to adapt SMENA 8M 40mm, f/4.0 lens to some DSLR. After week with no camera at all today I got my almost brand new NIKON D70s with… (2020-09-30)
- [SMENA 8M 40mm, f/4.0 lens](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/smena-8m-40mm-f-4-0-lens.md): Continuing with USSR made SMENA 8M. I decided to take apart lens unit. It consist of upper cover with levers and lower unit with shutter blades, shutter… (2020-09-27)
- [SMENA 8M, 35mm camera](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/smena-8m-35mm-ussr-compact-camera.md): I got this one as an exchange item for some old LCD TV. It is 35mm film compact camera made in USSR. Having quite a big monopoly on the eastern market, Soviet… (2020-09-27)
- [KIMUNOR 300mm f/5.6](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/kimunor-300mm-f-5-6.md): It seems to be very decent lens. Especially speaking of build quality which is glass and metal with very little rubber and plastic. It is prime lens at 300mm… (2020-09-18)
- [COSMOS AUTO TELEPLUS 2x](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/cosmos-auto-teleplus-2x-with-nikon-and-vivitar-lenses.md): Made in Japan. This teleconverter fits on NIKON F cameras. It is a MF thing, however it has automatic aperture control as stated in its name “AUTO”. It… (2020-09-17)
- [NIKON D200](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikon-d200.md): I was looking for NIKON camera that will allow me to use manual focus lenses with proper light metering. I found that D200 would suite this need. It a 10… (2020-09-04)
- [NIKON D70S](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikon-d70s.md): This would be my favorite and the only one digital camera, except one thing. It does not meter light on AI lenses, unfortunately. My copy already shot almost… (2020-08-13)
- [NIKKOR 50 f/2](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikkor-50-f-2.md): This is one of my favorites. It is a NIKON F mount, AI lens with constant speed at f/2. It is a regular/normal lens. It has no AF, only MF. This copy come from… (2020-08-13)
- [SOLIGOR 70-150 F/3.5 MC](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/soligor-70-150-f-3-5-mc.md): As always I bought it for next to nothing. It is NIKON F mount lens. To be more precise it it a AI lens. No AI-S features. This review will be a little shorter… (2020-08-13)
- [VIVITAR 70-210 F/4.5 MC](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/vivitar-70-210-f-4-5-mc.md): Together with NIKON 75-150 f/3.5 and SOLIGOR 70-150 f/3.5 I recently purchased this one, which is NIKON F mount VIVITAR 70-210 telephoto lens with constant… (2020-08-13)
- [NIKON 35mm film MF/AF – camera/lens compatibility](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikon-35mm-film-mf-af-camera-lens-compatibility.md): As many know, NIKON cameras and lenses have been heavily used by pros in the 1970-1980. They invest a lot in their gear. That is why the compatibility is… (2020-08-13)
- [NIKON 75-150 f/3.5, SERIES E](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nikon-75-150-f-3-5-series-e.md): Recently I have been looking for some old style NIKON F AI MF lenses across the internet. I got this one. It is a discount, costs next to nothing. Of course… (2020-08-12)

## Other

- [NVIDIA H264/H265 decoder/encoder monitoring](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/nvidia-h264-h265-decoder-encoder-monitoring.md): You can use either –query-gpu option: Example output: Or dmon: Example output: With little… (2025-08-13)
- [PostgreSQL streaming replication with physical replication slot](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/postgresql-streaming-replication-with-physical-replication-slot.md): Create dedicated replication user: Then add physical replication slot, in order to stay in sync with… (2025-01-24)
- [About me](https://michalasobczak.pl/posts/about-me.md): Hello. I’m Michael, I’m IT professional and enthusiast. I graduated computer programming as well as economics at Szkoła Główna Handlowa in Warsaw. I’m author… (2024-09-15)

## Optional

- [GitHub](https://github.com/michalasobczak): Michał Sobczak on GitHub
- [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/michal-sobczak-73958a194/): Michał Sobczak on LinkedIn
- [Instagram](https://instagram.com/michalasobczak): Michał Sobczak on Instagram